No, Kaal Sarp Puja and Rahu Shanti Puja are not the same, although they are related and often confused. In Vedic astrology, Kaal Sarp Dosha occurs when all planets are positioned between Rahu and Ketu, creating a specific karmic imbalance. Kaal Sarp Puja is a comprehensive ritual performed to pacify the combined effects of both Rahu and Ketu and to reduce obstacles, delays, and recurring struggles in life, especially related to career, marriage, and mental peace.
On the other hand, Rahu Shanti Puja is specifically dedicated to pacifying the malefic effects of Rahu alone. It is generally recommended when Rahu is negatively placed in the horoscope or causing issues during its Mahadasha or Antardasha. This puja focuses on reducing confusion, sudden problems, illusions, and instability associated with Rahu.